The Negro Movement - 1364 Words

Looking back at the history of the culture that has risen from the ashes; one may be quite surprised just how far the African American culture has come. The progression of the African American culture is indeed one to be proud of. From cotton fields to Harlem, â€Å"The New Negro Movement†, sparked a sense of cultural self-determination, with a yearning to strive for economic, political equality, and civic participation. This was a movement that sparked a wide range of advancements in the African American culture. Leaving footprints of great individuals as well as set a path way for future generations to follow; setting a trend for Black greatness. After the American Civil War there was a spark within the African American culture†¦show more content†¦Additionally, there were other aspects of Black greatness emerging from oppression. â€Å"†¦Through their artistry, the literature of this period helped to facilitate a transformation from the psychology of th e â€Å"Old Negro† (characterized by an implied inferiority of the post-Reconstruction era when black artists often did not control the means of production or editorial prerogatives) to the â€Å"New Negro† (characterized as self-assertive, racially conscious, articulate, and, for the most part, in charge of what they produced). Landmark texts that marked this transformation and encouraged increased exploration of African American experience through literature included The Book of American Negro Poetry (1922), edited by James Weldon Johnson and The New Negro (1925) by Locke. The short-lived literary magazine Fire!! (1926) also had a significant impact on the literary production because it represented the efforts of younger African American writers (such as Hughes and Hurston) to claim their own creativity apart from older artists (such as DuBois and James Weldon Johnson), as well as to establish autonomy from potential white exploiters...† (Trudier Harris-Lopez, â€Å"Forward† Harlem Renaissance, Volume I. Janet Witalec, project editor. Farmington Hill, MI: Gale, 2003 Call and Response: The Riverside Anthology of the African American Literary Tradition. Ed. Patricia LigginsShow MoreRelatedThe Movement Of The Negro World1407 Words   |  6 Pages at the age of 28, and cultivated the American Negro through his oratory that is seen as the awaken of Black Nationalism. Garvey’s work does not end in America, he’s efforts were world-wide but not limited to Africa to Nova Scotia, and South America. It has been stated that Garvey raised more money and grew a membership than any other Negro organization to date. Coined as the Black Moses, Garvey’s stated â€Å"I know no national boundary where the Negro is concerned. The whole world is my province untilRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The New Negro Movement1008 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Negro Movement, also known as the Harlem Renaissance, spanned in the 1920s in wh ich African American culture attained unparalleled political and social recognition despite the ongoing horrors of being black in America. New Negro was coined during the Harlem Renaissance indicating a more open advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit to Jim Crow laws and racial segregation. The movement weakened the notion of the African diaspora as an event of forced migration isolated in the past andRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The New Negro Movement843 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as the New Negro Movement, was an important time period for African American culture in the United States. It was an innovating period where many unknown artists became prominent for their talent and ethnic heritage, and brought upon many new connections between races. As a cultural movement, the Harlem Renaissance brought changes to America that would have long term effects on how art is created, viewed, and accepted. â€Å"The Renaissance was more than a literary or artistic movement, it po ssessedRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The New Negro Movement1459 Words   |  6 Pagestheir way to freedom. Most of them migrated to New York, particularly in the district of Harlem (Bolarinwa). Harlem was characterized as â€Å"not merely the largest Negro community in the world, but the first concentration in history of so many diverse elements of Negro life† (Bolarinwa). The Harlem Renaissance, known to be â€Å"The New Negro Movement† (Bolarinwa), gave spark to the African Americans to emerge their new lifestyle with works that were rooted in their own culture, rather than imitating the culturesRead MoreThe New Negro Movement, By Zora Neale Hurston1720 Words   |  7 Pages1, in a relatively small section in New York City and ended during the aftermath of The Great Depression. This was by far one of the most influential movements in African American culture. African Americans took pride in themselves and in their culture and wanted to showcase this through fr eedom of expression. Self-love in the â€Å"New Negro Movement† was monumental as it spread not only through Harlem, NY but also throughout the world. Innovators such as Zora Neale Hurston who was a novelist, anthropologistRead MoreAaron Douglas, The New Negro Movements Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican could draw, paint or sculpt something so beautiful. According to historyoftheharlemrenaissance.weebly.com, Between 1920-1930 and outburst of creativity among African American occurred in every aspect of art. This cultural movement became known as the New Negro Movement later the Harlem renaissance. The art today isnt really memorable but during that time it was, it expressed how the people in Harlem were feeling and they told a story through their artwork. All the different artists had differentRead More`` Walls Of Jericho ``999 Words   |  4 Pagesago. But the complexion of the place is theirs, not mine. I? Why, I am actually stared at, I frequently feel uncomfortable and out of place, and when I go out on the floor to dance I am lost in a sea of white faces†¦Time was when white people went to Negro cabarets to see how Negroes acted; now Negroes go to these same cabarets to see how white people act.† African-American physician, radiologist, musician and novelist Rudolph Fisher was coupled with the Harlem Renaissance, whose fiction credibly illustratedRead MoreAnalysis of the New Negro Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesIn the beginning Alain Locke tells us about the â€Å"tide of negro migration.† During this time in a movement known as the Great Migration, thousands of African-Americans also known as Negros left their homes in the South and moved North toward the beach line of big cities in search of employment and a new beginning. As Locke stated, â€Å"the wash and rush of this human tide on the beach line of Northern city centers is to be explained primarily in terms of a new vision of opportunity, of social and economicRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1168 Words   |  5 Pagespositive gains that have been achieved by the civil rights movement. In this speech King provided his audience with several facts on how the people have came a long way from where they began and that the civil rights movement has made a great progress in its struggle for equal treatment under the law. In King s speech, he begins by claiming that they have come a long way from where they began. As he starts to speak about the growth of the Negro community he states, Now let us notice first that we veRead MoreNew Negro Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesThe abolition of slavery in the United States presented southern African Americans with many new opportunities, including the option of relocation in search of better living conditions. The mass movement of black people from the rural areas of the South to the cities of the North, known as the Black Migration, came in the 1890s when black men and women left the south to settle in cities such as Philadelphia and New York, fleeing from the rise of Jim Crowe Laws and searching for work. This migration

Ernest Hemmingway Research Paper Free Essays

Steven Glansberg English Comp II Research Paper 3/28/12 Every writer has his or her own unique style of writing. Writing is such a personal matter that authors have no choice but to get creative. One of the most famous, classic American writers and journalists was Ernest Hemmingway. We will write a custom essay sample on Ernest Hemmingway Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ernest Hemmingway had one of the most unique writing styles of all time. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and understatement, influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and public image. Ernest Hemingway’s fictional style of writing was successful due to the fact that the characters he presented exhibited authenticity that resonated with his audience. He created characters that would directly relate and grow upon the audience of his work. Ernest Miller Hemmingway was born on July 21st, 1899. He was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemmingway led a normal life and after his high school graduation he worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star. After that job he left for the Italian front where he became an ambulance driver during World War I. Unfortunately Hemmingway was seriously injured during his duty and returned home to the states in less than a year. This over-seas experience during war would later be the basis for his novel â€Å"A Farewell to Arms. † Ernest Hemmingway did most of his literary work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. His career in writing ended shortly after he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. In his career Hemmingway published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction work. An additional three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Hemmingway’s first novel was â€Å"The Sun Also Rises†. The New York Times wrote on this novel saying, â€Å"It was a truly gripping story, told in a lean, hard, athletic narrative prose that puts most literary English to shame and also no amount of analysis can convey the quality of this novel. † This novel was written in a spare, tightly written prose, which Hemmingway was notorious for. Hemmingway had one of the most distinct styles of writing in all of iterature. Many literature analysts believe that his writing style was influenced by his time spent in World War I. It is also thought that while at war Hemmingway lost his faith in the central institutions of Western civilization. Hemmingway created his own style of writing that reacted against the â€Å"elaborate style† of 19th century writers. By creating a style in which meaning is established through dialogue, through action, and silence he was able to create a fiction in which nothing crucial is stated explicitly. He said everything while keeping â€Å"under the radar† per say. That is how the Iceberg Theory came into place with Hemmingway’s writing style. The Iceberg Theory, also know as the Theory of Omission, was a theory that was all about how Hemmingway kept the he facts floating above the â€Å"water† but keeps the supporting structure and symbolism operate out-of-sight just like the structural view of an iceberg. In other words the meaning of a piece is not immediately evident, because the crux of the story lies below the surface, just as most of the mass of a real iceberg similarly lies beneath the surface. In Hemmingway’s novel â€Å"The Art of the Short Story,† he explains, â€Å"A few things I have found to be true. If you leave out important things or events that you know about, the story is strengthened. If you leave or skip something because you do not know it, the story will be worthless. The test of any story is how very good the stuff that you, not your editors, omit. † Hemmingway clearly states that by leaving out obvious facts, you unintentionally strengthen your writing by making your audience think and ask questions about certain topics that you wanted to focus on in the first place. A famous piece of writing by Hemmingway that clearly supports the Iceberg Theory was â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea. † This novel centers upon Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. The plot of this story consists of the aging fisherman Santiago that sails out to see, catches a great white marlin, but then struggles all the way back to shore fighting off sharks to the point where he ends up with nothing but the carcass of the marlin. This story doesn’t seem like it has any literary significance on the surface but if you read between the lines you find out that this novel is a meditation upon youth and age. Even though the protagonist, Santiago, spends little or no time thinking of those terms you can see that the details point towards a struggle between ages. Another story that also has an underlying reflection upon the struggle between ages is â€Å"A Clean Well Lighted Place. † In this novel there is an internal struggle between the young and the older waiter in a restaurant. The struggle between characters in this novel is that the younger waiter thinks that he know more about life and love than the older waiter. Hemmingway doesn’t have the younger waiter come out and directly say he knows more than the older waiter for a specific reason. By not making the younger waiter say that he strengthens that topic because then his audience is now asking themselves questions about the young and old waiter’s feud. In this story Hemmingway used a large portion of dialogue. The reason for this is to create a constant back and forth motion between the two waiters. With this constant back and forth it is much easier to make a comparison between the two waiters. Hemmingway also did something very unique in this story. He used Spanish language in this story to even further the excellence of his language use. Ernest Hemmingway’s writing style can never be recreated or copied by anyone. He knew how to get the most from the least in his writing. He mastered the art of pruning language. Getting ever last drop of language genius out. No one knew how to multiply intensities as well as he did or knew how to tell nothing but the truth in a way that allowed for telling more than the truth. Unfortunately Ernest Hemmingway committed suicide in the summer of 1961. Even though he is gone his literary legacy lives on through his works still being read and used all around the world. His unique style of writing and his very interesting way of leaving out a topic that was important in order to strengthen his argument will be a great example for other writers even as the years pass. How to cite Ernest Hemmingway Research Paper, Essays

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks Free Samples

Question: Write a Literature review Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business. Answer: Research Scope: Before the emergence of social networking the entire organizations were highly dependent on direct offline media vehicles in order to expand the entire business process in various geographical areas. The marketing executives had to put immense effort to promote their brands as well as products in different geographical locations. The influence of modern media has rendered a revolutionary change in the overall growth of business organizations. Large number of business organizations belonging to various sectors has been dependent on the positive aspects of social networks (Baltar Brunet, 2012). As a result, organizations get the opportunities to spread the overall business in various multinational countries. It has also been highlighted that social media network is having some of its negative effects as well. This particular research study focuses to evaluate critically about some of the necessary advantages and disadvantages of social networks for developing the entire business process. While analyzing the business growth of some of the major recognizable organizations such as Coles, Woolworths, JB-Hi-Fi, Tassal it has been observed that social media has left innumerable contribution for enhancing the market potentiality (Picazo-Vela, Gutirrez-Martnez Luna-Reyes, 2012). At the same time, it has also been noticed that social networks are very much restricted within a specific age group of people. Social media tools are not effective enough for drawing the attention of every group of people. However, the impact of social networks is possessed with major disadvantages as well. Research objectives: To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of social networks for business development To understand the factors that highly affect on implementing social networks within business organizations Comparative analysis: Social network at the current time is World phenomenon that millions of people tend to use for maintaining their promotional activities effectively. Social network is the broader way of communication that enables the people to make an effective communication beyond going the regional area. Aljabre (2012) opined that after the emergence of social networks large number of business organizations has enhanced their marketing activities and sales promotion widely. On the other hand, some of the eminent scholars have opposed the entire opinion of previous scholars. This particular part has focused to make an in-depth analysis on how social networks affect the entire business process of organizations. Overview of various social networks associated in business: Social network is considered as one of the most effective promotional tools with the help of which people from different geographical markets can be attracted in products and service by using numerous business strategies and policies. Among the most effective social networks the importance of social media, public forum official websites are most prominent. The entire domain of social media is wide in range that enables an individual person to make connection with people from different geographical markets (Leonardi, Huysman Steinfield, 2013). The report of market survey implies that the rate of social media is growing in astronomical rate. Facebook has reached the stock exchange at the $104 billion. People belonging to different cultural backgrounds as well as religious attitudes can communicate with other in order to know the current trend. Bryman and Bell (2015) stated that business organizations do not have to face difficulties in preparing market strategy and policy. Therefore, the social media is very much familiar to gather necessary data regarding the current market demand as well as their expectation form the service providers. Public forum can also be considered as one of the most effective tools of social networks with the help of which both the service providers and service users can directly maintain conversation with each other. Batjargal et al. (2013) stated that the customer service executives get an in-depth overview about the service process by interacting with the customers. On the other hand, the customers get the opportunity to place their necessary desires and expectation. As a result, public forums keep the overall internal communication between service users and service providers stronger. Therefore, this particular social networking site is most effective to gather necessary feedback from the customers. Rothaermel (2015) stated that among various aspects of social networking tools social media can be recognized as one of the most effective channels for business promotion. A particular business organization after launching a new product can maintain their promotional activities by using social media pages such as facebook, instagram and so many. Target customers get the scope to provide necessary opinion about the brand reliability and their expectation. On the other hand, social media tools enable the customers to conduct market survey as well (Zikmund et al., 2013). Based on the number of likes the business evaluators get an overall response about the future of their brands as well as services. Various disadvantages of social networks: In order to implement social networking in marketing and sales promotions business organizations have faced major difficulties while running the business process. Sashi (2012) opined that technological efficiency is one of the most important reasons due to which people have to face innumerable difficulties in communicating with each other. Every single organizational employee is not flexible enough with the advancement of technology. While facing any sudden technical barriers employees have to face challenges to overcome the sudden crisis. As a result, the entire communication between the service providers and the service users become demolished. Chu and Du (2013) opined that the business organizations which are only dependent on social networking have to face innumerable difficulties in maintaining the sales promotional activities systematically. However, in order to overcome such kind of barrier, the business organizations have decided to provide an effective training and developme nt session to the employees for enhancing their technological skills and competencies. An effective training session is highly important for every single employee in order to overcome the sudden technical barriers (Gronum, Verreynne Kastelle, 2012). In order to implement social networks organizational managers have to use advanced technology. The use of advanced technology enables the service providers to make the entire promotional activities rapid and systematic. However, most of the business organizations fail to implement advanced technology due to the lack of sufficient economic strength. Whenever the entire business process is dependent on the effective technology the business employers have to appoint an efficient IT expert. Therefore, financial strength is highly important in order to maintain the entire promotional activities by using the tools of social networks. Bruhn, Schoenmueller and Schfer (2012) stated that social networks are primarily applicable for the young generations who are very much accustomed with the advancement of technology. In order to draw the attention of different age group of people the business experts have to focus on implementing offline media tools as well based on which customers belonging t o different age group can be attracted towards the entire business process. As opined by Patino, Pitta and Quinones (2012) opined that social networks are effective only for conducting international business promotions. In order to expand the entire business in the regional market direct marketing, hoardings, banners, electronic media are also effective gaining organizational image and reputation. People belonging to different geographical markets should be flexible with advanced technology and social networks for getting an in-depth overview about the new products and services launched by the business organizations. Several conspicuous scholars have provided numerous opinions regarding the negative effects of social networks for further business progress. Impact of social network on business: While evaluating the impact of social networks, the authors have highlighted both the positive and negative effect of social networks on the development of business process. The entire realm of social network is vast based on which people belonging to different geographical locations can maintain an effective communication in order to gain brand identity. Social networks are having a major impact in influencing the consumers buying behavior. With the dynamic progress of business process the needs and demands of the customers are changing gradually. Eriksson and Kovalainen (2015) opined that customers before using a specific product tends to collect an in-depth overview about the brand reliability. Social media is the most effective business tools with the help of which the customers can get in-depth overview about the brands and the services of business organization. In addition, social networks are not restricted within a specific regional market. People belonging to remote areas ca n easily use the tools of social networks in order to gather data and information regarding the specific products. Therefore, it is undeniable that business experts in order to expand their entire wings in different geographical markets should use social media tools for business promotions. At the same time, social networks are possessed with some of its major negative impacts as well. In order to place the brand in the international market the impact of social media is truly undeniable. At the same time, customers belonging to different regional markets do not want to use social media for purchasing their products. In this kind of situation direct marketing, sales promotion are the most effective tools based on which the service providers would be able to collect direct feedback from the customers. Borgatti, Everett and Johnson (2013) stated that direct marketing is highly effective in gathering an immediate response from the customers. In addition, in order to maintain promotional activities with the help of social media the marketing executives have to be accustomed with different languages and cultures to treat the people of various cultural backgrounds with equal respect and dignity. This particular study has provided an in-depth analysis on how social media tools are possessed with several advantages and disadvantages. Quality and currency of article and sources: While evaluating the entire research work some of the scholars have expressed their opinion on the overall service process. The articles that have been used throughout the entire study are possessed with relevant data and information that helped to enhance the quality of research work. The articles are current and updated enough to be used within the literature review part. While conducting a journal article the study has focused to use appropriate research methodology for collecting necessary data and information. As a result, the entire research literature review part has been conducted systematically due to the relevance of the articles used over here. Gap in the literature review: Before conducting an effective literature review every research work has to focus on highlighting the research background along with its clear and in-depth research aim. This particular study has not provided the research background properly. As a result, the study is devoid of highlighting the actual purpose of conducting the entire research work. On the other hand, literature review has focus to make an in-depth critical analysis on the necessary advantages and disadvantages of social networks in business growth. People belonging to different geographical markets cannot get detailed overview about the products without having the presence of social networks. In the entire literature review scholars have focused to highlight both the positive and negative impacts of social media tools. The objective of this specific research work is to provide some major recommendations as well on how to overcome the barriers of implementing social networks within the business organization. Throughou t the entire study recommendations have not been provided. Conclusion: The entire study has provided in-depth overview about the advantages and disadvantages of social networks in enhancing the entire business performance. Several eminent scholars have provided numerous points of views regarding the impact of social media tools for promoting the business in the realm of global business process. After evaluating the entire study it can be concluded that social media tools are possessed with some of the major positive as well as negative aspects. The study has highlighted all the disadvantages of social networks. However, while running the entire business wings in market, every business experts aim to place their brand globally to grab the attention of global consumers. Therefore, social networks are the only effective vehicle with the help of which business experts can stretch their wings in different geographical areas in order to gain organizational recognition. Reference Aljabre, A. (2012). Cloud computing for increased business value.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(1). Baltar, F., Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook.internet Research,22(1), 57-74. Batjargal, B., Hitt, M. A., Tsui, A. S., Arregle, J. L., Webb, J. W., Miller, T. L. (2013). Institutional polycentrism, entrepreneurs' social networks, and new venture growth.Academy of Management Journal,56(4), 1024-1049. Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., Johnson, J. C. (2013).Analyzing social networks. SAGE Publications Limited. Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., Schfer, D. B. (2012). Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?.Management Research Review,35(9), 770-790. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Chu, S. K. W., Du, H. S. (2013). Social networking tools for academic libraries.Journal of librarianship and information science,45(1), 64-75. Dabner, N. (2012). Breaking Groundin the use of social media: A case study of a university earthquake response to inform educational design with Facebook.The Internet and Higher Education,15(1), 69-78. Eriksson, P., Kovalainen, A. (2015).Qualitative Methods in Business Research: A Practical Guide to Social Research. Sage. Gronum, S., Verreynne, M. L., Kastelle, T. (2012). The role of networks in small and medium?sized enterprise innovation and firm performance.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), 257-282. Leonardi, P. M., Huysman, M., Steinfield, C. (2013). Enterprise social media: Definition, history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), 1-19. Patino, A., Pitta, D. A., Quinones, R. (2012). Social media's emerging importance in market research.Journal of Consumer Marketing,29(3), 233-237. Picazo-Vela, S., Gutirrez-Martnez, I., Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2012). Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector.Government information quarterly,29(4), 504-511. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sashi, C. M. (2012). Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), 253-272. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

The Enron and Worldcom Scandals Essay Example

The Enron and Worldcom Scandals Paper E. Boos – Week 2 – Assignment February 17, 2013 The Enron and WoldCom Scandals ENRON 1. The segment of Enron’s operations that got them into difficulties had several parts. They published misleading financial reports. They could not meet their bridge financing commitment with Barclay Bank because outside investors were not found. Because of this, they restated activities of JEDI and Chewco SPEs so they could be retroactively consolidated into Enron’s accounts. The SPEs helped to hide the inaccurate accounting records. Enron’s legal department wrote contracts that helped provide a cover for misuse of funds regarding the SPEs. Future revenue was reported as current revenue. Stocks were paid with promissory notes instead of cash. They also engaged in off-the-books activities and excessive executive compensation. Enron’s board of directors allowed the executives, accountants and legal department to use Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), a type of partnership, in an attempt to camouflage their debt and create a facade of financial stability (Brooks, 2007). 3. Enron’s directors understood how profits were made. They also knew management’s activities were dishonest. Andrew Fastow was active in forming the SPE partnerships and his affiliation with LJM2 was a conflict of interest. When Enron began experiencing financial problems in October 2001, the board of directors began holding special meetings. They were paid with cash, restricted stock, phantom stock units and stock options. The Senate Subcommittee Report, dated July 8, 2002, found that the Enron board of directors was aware that employees participated in management of the SPEs which was a conflict of interest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The directors ignored the inaccurate accounting, extensive unrecorded activities and excessive executive compensation. The Senate report discovered that the board of directors knew of financial activities between Enron and some of the board’s members. The board permitted consulting services, internal audits, and external audits to be performed by the same company, namely, Arthur Andersen (Brooks, 2007). 5. Ken Lay was chairperson of the board. He reassumed the position of CEO after Skilling resigned. As CEO he oversaw all of Enron’s activities. Lay and Whaley directed Causey to sell the Raptor SPEs. The sale price of was privately negotiated between Fastor, on behalf of Enron, and Kopper on behalf of LJM2. Lay did not interfere when Arthur Andersen directed Enron to record the buyout excess money as income. He knowingly allowed fraudulent activities and false information to be included in the financial reports. This was unethical. The Powers Report identifies seven questionable accounting issues concerning the sale of the Raptors (Brooks, 2007). 6. The board of directors did not insist that full disclosure of Enron’s earning be made available to the public and the shareholders. They allowed inaccurate reports to be published. Since they did not challenge management involvement in fraudulent activities, this meant the shareholders interests were not protected (Brooks, 2007). 9. Conflict of interest concerning SPE activities occurred because Enron employees were active in managing certain SPEs. Losses were not reported in end of year reports to offset other nonprofitable dealings. Arthur Andersen did not report all of the earnings and helped Enron cover up losses. When Andrew Fastow, wanted to manage the SPE, Chewco, he was advised by Jeffrey Skilling who was on the board of directors, that he should not manage Chewco because it would be a conflict of interest. Instead, Fastow appointed Michael Kopper who worked for him at Enron, to manage Chewco (Brooks, 2007). WORLDCOM 1. To inflate their profit in the current period, WorldCom created overstatements of cash flow and income by inaccurately reporting line costs. Line costs were a major expense to WorldCom. They were payments WorldCom made to third party telecommunicator network providers for the right to access their networks. These costs should have been shown as an expense rather than appearing on the income statement (Brooks, 2007). 2. WorldCom’s board of directors could have prevented the manipulation of revenue that management used if they had not been intimidated by Bernie Ebbers. They allowed themselves to be intimidated by Bernie Ebbers when he did not want their questions answered or give them more definitive explanations. Eventually, they demanded Bernie Ebber’s resignation and he resigned. The board of directors scheduled periodic meetings with WorldCom. The directors should have been more involved and familiar with WorldCom’s activities and efforts to manipulate expenses and decreased income (Brooks, 2007). 4. Bernie Ebbers was the CEO of WorldCom, the CFO was Scott Sullivan and David Myers was the Controller. Prior to working for WorldCom they had worked for Arthur Andersen. Arthur Andersen was the auditor for WorldCom. That is why the accountants did not say or do anything to prevent Ebbers’ manipulation of WorldCom’s financial reports (Brooks, 2007). . Ebbers received $408. 2 million dollars as a loan to buy WorldCom stock or for margin calls as the stock price fell. Instead of using the money for the purpose he received it, he used it to buy a cattle ranch in Canada, build a new home, pay for personal expenses of a family member, and provide loans to family and friends (Brooks, 2007). Reference: Brooks, L. J. (2007). Business professional eth ics for directors, executives, accountants (4th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

North Africa essays

North Africa essays In North Africa there is the country Algeria. Algeria is an interesting country because it is 99% Sunni Muslim. Christian and Jewish are the other 1%. They have only those three religions. Their Ethnic groups are Arab and Berber that equal 99%. European is less than 1%. They do not have as many ethnic groups as other countries in Africa do. They actually only have a small amount. They gained their independence in 1962 after an 8-year battle between them and France. The French owned them until 1962. There official language is Arabic but they also have Berber dialects and some French. The government of Algeria is republic just like most of the stable countries like us. The president of Algeria is Abdelaziz Bouteflika. He has been president since 1937 and is still going. Some of the major cities are Algiers the capital, In Salah, and Tamanresset is the other main cities there. There natural resources that most are exported are petroleum, natural gas, iron, phosphate, uranium, zinc. They have quite a few natural resources. The climate there is is really hot and arid. There landforms are the Atlas Mountains on the coast. Its 919, 590 square miles and is second largest country. Another country in North Africa is Egypt. Where all the pyramids are. Egypt is a very old country; it has been around a while. The interesting thing is they only have two religions that are Muslim and Coptic Christian. There ethnic groups are Greek, Nubian, American. They do have a few Americans, isnt that a surprise. They gained their independence 1922 from the United Kingdom. The worlds oldest civilizations. The climate in Egypt is hot and dry summers and moderate winters. The landform there is the desert. The natural resources are petroleum, natural gas, Iron Ore, and limestone. They also are the exports for there country. They speak three different languages Arabic, French and English. They do not have an official langue because they speak al...

Role Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role Identification - Essay Example It’s the duty of research assistant to contribute his/her help to the professionals to obtain maximum knowledge, organize, collect, compile and analyze data. They coordinate the trials and also make sure that all the procedures are followed properly. Research assistant also serves as coordinators, researchers, investigators, administrators, consultants or educators. It is also the reasonability of a research assistant to maintain discipline in following the rules and regulations in the industry and to maintain the safety and confidentiality in relation to the information. In a nutshell, we can say that the research assistant should be someone able enough to know how to improve the designs of new experiments; he should be able to keep all the records accurately and safely and present them when necessary. Also, supervision of the undergoing experiments and keeping the technicians busy with their work is the most important task required of him (Education Portal,

Moral and Ethical Principles in Public Policy Essay

Moral and Ethical Principles in Public Policy - Essay Example Public policy is what our individual representatives in Parliament choose to do, or not to do, about public problems that can have nationwide consequences. There are also public policy advocates that help bring public problems to the attention of Government on behalf of their clients and help Government made sound decisions or try to influence legislation in the favor of their client’s interests. Thus the actors or participants in public policy matters are primarily the Government functionaries, lobbyists and social pressure groups and other autonomous and semi-autonomous agencies. This paper will discuss the importance of public policy, actors in the policy macro-environment and their contributions, influences and value in shaping of public policy for a nation. The Importance of Public Policy A policy is a stated way of getting things done. It gives the procedures to effect a certain task in a given environment. It states rules and regulations under which business is to be co nducted or a course of action is to be pursued. Policies are guides to action. It may also happen that when a certain course of action has been adopted and is followed consistently by a number of people or groups with no adverse consequences noted for quite a while, that in time becomes public policy regarding that matter. Public policy is said to define a way of life for society, in terms of acceptable behavior and rules and norms that become codes of conduct in that particular culture. It reflects what society regards as important to uphold and preserve in its actions and codes of conduct in dealing with others as well as each other. Actors in the Public Policy Macro-Environment Politics, like diplomacy, is the art of the possible. It is the authority and power to do what is right, to follow the will of the mass of the people, in choosing our actions and their legislation. We are what we do, and the same is true of society, as its moral principles are enshrined in its code of cond uct and rules of law. Public policies reflect society’s most important matters and choices. There may also be a conflict of values, in which case a majority vote determines what is to be done or what receives priority over others. Actors in the public policy environment are the policy advocates, representatives at different levels of Government and in committees, commentators, lobbyists and others. At the highest level, it includes the President, the Governors of various States and members of the Legislature. At lower levels, it may involve school boards, the Mayor or the City Council. Of course, the type and number of actors involved in a particular public policy decision depend on its importance and reach- the number of people it is supposed to affect (Howlett, 1991). Do All the Actors Play Out the Roles They are Given Effectively? There has been considerable debate over whether the present procedures for enactment and consideration of public policy initiatives are sufficie nt to meet the purpose for which they were designed. Many a time it has been felt that we are proceeding at a snail’s pace when an important decision needs to be made.